Frederick E. Spada

Dr. Spada's research interests include: evaluation of bulk degaussing methods for securely erasing magnetic media, structure-property relationships in both thin film and particulate magnetic materials, and chemical aspects of wear.

Fred Spada received his Ph.D. in physical chemistry from the University of California, San Diego in 1983. From 1983 to 1989 he worked at the Eastman Kodak Research Laboratories, San Diego Division, where he was a senior research scientist investigating materials for use in thin film magnetic recording heads. He came to CMRR in 1989 as a visiting researcher where he is now an Associate Research Scientist.

1980 - 1990

1. “Catalytic Activity of Metal Hydrides”, H. Oesterreicher, and F. Spada, Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 477-481, (April 1980). [PDF UCSD only]
2. “Hydrogen Absorption in La3Ni13B2”, F. Spada, and H. Oesterreicher, Journal of the Less Common Metals, Vol. 90, No. 1, pp. L1-L4, (March 1983). [PDF UCSD only]
3. “Crystallographic and Magnetic Properties of Rare-Earth Transition Metal Compounds Based on Boron”, F. Spada, C. Abache, and H. Oesterreicher, Journal of the Less Common Metals, Vol. 99, No. 2, pp. L21-L24, (June 1984). [PDF UCSD only]
4. “Anisotropic and High Magnetization Rare Earth Transition Metal Compounds Containing Metalloids”, H. Oesterreicher, F. Spada, and C. Abache, Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 19, No. 8, pp. 1069-1076, (August 1984). [PDF UCSD only]
5. “Hydrogen Site Occupancy and Hydrogen Diffusion in LaNi4 BH1.5”, F.E. Spada, H. Oesterreicher, R.C. Bowman, Jr., and M.P. Guse, Physical Review B, Vol. 30, No. 9, pp. 4909-4924, (November 1984). [PDF UCSD only]
6. “Hydrogen Absorption by the Ternary Borides RCo4B (R= La, Pr, Sm) and RNi4B (R = Ca, La Pr)”, F. Spada, and H. Oesterreicher, Journal of the Less Common Metals, Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 301-320, (May 1985). [PDF UCSD only]
7. “Hydride Phase Composition and Crystal Structure in Zr2PdHx”, F.E. Spada, R.C. Bowman, Jr., and J.S. Cantrell, Journal of the Less Common Metals, Vol. 129, pp. 197-205, (February 1987). [PDF UCSD only]
8. “Hydrogen Absorption by LaCu5 and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Studies of Hydrogen Diffusion in -LaCu5 Hydride”, F.E. Spada, R.C. Bowman, Jr., and J.S. Cantrell, Journal of the Less Common Metals,Vol. 129, pp. 261-270, (February 1987). [PDF UCSD only]
9. “An Improved Thin Film Permanent Magnet Material and Novel Magnet Design for Magnetoresistive Sensor Biasing”, N. Smith, C.F. Brucker, and F.E. Spada, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 2409-2411, (September 1990). [PDF UCSD only]

1991 - 2000

10. “Hc Enhancement in Partially Reduced -Fe2O3 via Surface Treatment with Sodium Polyphosphate (Revisited)”, F.E. Spada, A.E. Berkowitz, and N.T. Prokey, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 69, No. 8, pp. 4475-4477, (April 1991). [PDF UCSD only]
11. “Structure and Micromagnetic Predictions for Hysteretic Phenomena in a Novel Co-Pt Permanent Magnet Thin Film”, R.H. Victora, C.F. Brucker, and F.E. Spada, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,Vol. 97, pp. 343-352, (June 1991). [PDF UCSD only]
12. “Preparation and Structural Characterization of Sputtered CoO, NiO, Ni0.5Co0.5O Thin Epitaxial Films”, M.J. Carey, F.E. Spada, A.E. Berkowitz, W. Cao, and G. Thomas, Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 6, No. 12, pp. 2680-2687, (December 1991). [PDF UCSD only]
13. “Fine Particles in Magnetic Recording Media”, A.E. Berkowitz, F.T. Parker, F.E. Spada, and D. Margulies, in Studies of Magnetic Properties of Fine Particles and Their Relevance to Materials Science, J. L. Dorman and D. Fiorani (eds.), pp. 309-322, (Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1992).
14. “Giant Magnetoresistance in Heterogeneous Cu-Co Alloys”, A.E. Berkowitz, J.R. Mitchell, M.J. Carey, A.P. Young, S. Zhang, F.E. Spada, F.T. Parker, A. Hutton, and G. Thomas, Physical Review Letters, Vol. 68, No. 25, pp. 3745-3748, (June 1992). [PDF UCSD only]
15. “Residual Stresses and Their Effect on Wear Behavior of Polycrystalline Zirconia Overcoated Disks”, S.K. Ganapathi, F.E. Spada, and F.E. Talke, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 2533-2535, (September 1992). [PDF UCSD only]
16. “Studies of Anisotropy Mechanisms in Polyphosphate-Treated Magnetic Iron Oxide Particles”, (Invited Paper), F.E. Spada, F.T. Parker, C.Y. Nakakura, and A.E. Berkowitz, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 120, pp. 129-135, (March 1993). [PDF UCSD only]
17. “Giant Magnetoresistance in Heterogeneous Cu-Co and Ag-Co Alloy Films”, (Invited Paper), A.E. Berkowitz, J.R. Mitchell, M J. Carey, A.P. Young, D. Rao, A. Starr, S. Zhang, F.E. Spada, F.T. Parker, A. Hutton, and G. Thomas, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 73, No. 10, pp. 5320-5325, (May 1993). [PDF UCSD only]
18. “Fine Particle Synthesis by Spark Erosion”, in Nanomagnetism, A. Hernando (ed.), pp. 87-91, A. Berkowitz, R. Kodama, S. Slade, and F. Spada, (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993).
19. “Spark Erosion for Production of Nanocrystalline Materials”, (Invited Paper), R.H. Kodama, A.E. Nash, F.E. Spada, and A.E. Berkowitz, in Nanophase Materials, G.C. Hadjipanayis and R.W. Siegel (eds.), pp. 101-108, (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994).
20. “Magnetism of Surface Treated Particles”, (Invited Paper), A.E. Berkowitz, F.E. Spada, and F.T. Parker, in Nanophase Materials, G.C. Hadjipanayis and R.W. Siegel (eds), pp. 587-594, (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994).
21. “Giant Magnetoresistance in Heterogeneous Alloy Films”, A.E. Berkowitz, J.R. Mitchell, R.S. Beach, D. Rao, F.T. Parker, and F.E. Spada, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 353-357, (March 1994). [PDF UCSD only]
22. “Hc Enhancement of Co - Adsorbed -Fe2O3 Particles via Surface Treatment with Sodium Polyphosphate”, F.E. Spada, F.T. Parker, A.E. Berkowitz, and T.J. Cox, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 75, No. 10, pp. 5562-5564, (May 1994). [PDF UCSD only]
23. “Anisotropy in Epitaxial Fe3O4 and NiFe2O4 Thin Films”, D.T. Margulies, F.T. Parker, F.E. Spada, and A.E. Berkowitz, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 341, pp. 53-58, (1994).
24. “Spin-Glass Behavior of Spinel Iron Oxide Particles on Iron Metal Particle Recording Media”, F.T. Parker, F.E. Spada, T J. Cox, and A.E. Berkowitz, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 77, No. 11, pp. 5853-5864, (June 1995). [PDF UCSD only]
25. “Structural and Magnetic Characterization of Bi-Substituted Garnet on Si and GaAs”, K.M. Ring, A.L. Shapiro, F. Deng, R.S. Goldman, F. Spada, F. Hellman, T.L. Cheeks, K.L. Kavanaugh, and T. Suzuki, in Magnetic Ultrathin Films, Multilayers and Surfaces, E.E. Marinero, B. Heinrich, W.F Egelhoff, Jr., A. Fert, H. Fujimori, G. Guntherodt, and R.L. White (eds.), pp.41-46, (Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 384, 1995).
26. “Anomalous Moment and Anisotropy Behavior in Fe3O4 Films”, D.T. Margulies, F.T. Parker, F.E. Spada, R.S. Goldman, J. Li, R. Sinclair, and A.E. Berkowitz, Physical Review B, Vol. 53, No. 14, pp. 9175-9187, (April 1996). [PDF UCSD only]
27. “Mössbauer Effect Study of Metal Particle Tape Stability”, F.T. Parker, F.E. Spada, T.J. Cox, and A.E. Berkowitz, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 162, pp. 122-130, (September 1996). [PDF UCSD only]
28. “Erosion Behavior and Surface Characterization of Beryllium Under High-Flux Deuterium Plasma Bombardment”, J. Won, F.E. Spada, R. Boivin, R. Doerner, S. Luckhardt, F.C. Sze, and R.W. Conn, Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 241-243, pp. 1110-1116, (February 1997). [PDF UCSD only]
29. “Anomalous Hysteresis Properties in Ferrimagnetic and Antiferromagnetic Nanoparticles”, A.E. Berkowitz, R.H. Kodama, S.A. Makhlouf, F.T. Parker, F.E. Spada, E.J. McNiff, Jr., and S. Foner, in Magnetic Hysteresis in Novel Magnetic Materials, G.C. Hadjipanayis (ed.), pp. 293-307, (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997).
30. “Magnetic Anomalies in NiO Nanoparticles”, S.A. Makhlouf, F.T. Parker, F.E. Spada, and A.E. Berkowitz, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 81, No. 8, pp. 5561-5563, (April 1997). [PDF UCSD only]
31. “Origin of the Anomalous Magnetic Behavior in Single Crystal Fe3O4 Films”, D.T. Margulies, F.T. Parker, M.L. Rudee, F.E. Spada, J.N. Chapman, P.R. Aitchison, and A.E. Berkowitz, Physical Review Letters, Vol. 79, No. 25, pp. 5162-5165, (December 1997). [PDF UCSD only]
32. “Anomalous Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles”, A.E. Berkowitz, R.H. Kodama, S.A. Makhlouf, F.T. Parker, F.E. Spada, E.J. McNiff, Jr., and S. Foner, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,Vol. 196-197, pp. 591-594, (May 1999). [PDF UCSD only]
33. “Mysteries of Magnetoelectrochemistry”, M. Coey, G. Hinds, and F.E. Spada, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Reports, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1 (Spring, 1999)
34. “Fourier Transform Infrared Investigation of Thin Perfluoropolyether Films Exposed to Electric Fields”, F.E. Spada, and D. Basov, Tribology Letters, Vol. 8, No. 2-3, pp. 179-186, (March 2000). [PDF UCSD only]

2001 -

35. “Magnetic Field Effects on Copper Electrolysis”, G. Hinds, F.E. Spada, J.M.D. Coey, T.R. Ní Mhíocháin, and M.E.G. Lyons, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 105, pp. 9487-9502, (2001). [PDF UCSD only]
36. “Thick Amorphous Ferromagnetic Coatings via Thermal Spraying of Spark- Eroded Powder”, F.T. Parker, F.E. Spada, A.E. Berkowitz, K.S. Vecchio, E.J. Lavernia, and R. Rodriguez, Materials Letters, Vol. 48, pp. 184-187, (April 2001). [PDF UCSD only]
37. “Amorphous Soft Magnetic Particles Produced by Spark Erosion”, A.E. Berkowitz, M.F. Hansen, F.T. Parker, K.S. Vecchio, F.E. Spada, E. J. Lavernia, and R. Rodriguez, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 254-255, pp. 1-6, (January 2003). [PDF UCSD only]
38. “Exchange-Spring Permanent Magnet Particles Produced by Spark-Erosion”, M.F. Hansen, K.S. Vecchio, F.T. Parker, F.E. Spada, and A.E. Berkowitz, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 82, No. 10, pp. 1574-1576, (March 2003). [PDF UCSD only]
39. “Evolution of Thin Film Stress with L1o Ordering in FePt and FeCuPt Thin Films”, K.W. Wierman, C.L. Platt, J.K. Howard, and F.E. Spada, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 93, No. 10, pp. 7160-7162, (May 2003). [PDF UCSD only]
40. “Structure and Phase Transformation of Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy Ni49Mn30Ga21 Fine Particles Prepared by Spark Erosion”, Y.J. Tang, D.J. Smith, H. Hu, F.E. Spada, H. Harper, and A.E. Berkowitz, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 39, No.5, pp. 3405-3407, (September 2003). [PDF UCSD only]
41. “X-ray Diffraction and Mossbauer Studies of Structural Changes and L1o Ordering Kinetics During Annealing of Polycrystalline Fe51Pt49Thin Films”, F.E. Spada, F.T. Parker, C.L. Platt, and J.K. Howard, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 94, No. 8, pp. 5123-5134, (October 2003). [PDF UCSD only]
42. “Application of Surface Analytical Techniques For Understanding deposit Formation on Magnetic Tape Recording Head Surfaces”, F.E. Spada, D.F. Paul, J.S. Hammond, Microscopy Society of America Vol. 18 No. 2, 874-875, 2012
43. “Role of Dipolar Interactions on the Thermal Stability of High-Density Bit-Patterned Media”, N. Eibagi, J.J. Kan, F.E. Spada, E.E. Fullerton, IEEE Magnetics Letter Vol. 3, 4500204, 2012 [PDF UCSD only]
44. “Reliably Erasing Data From Flash-based State Drives”, M. Wei, L.M. Grupp, F.E. Spada, S. Swanson, USENIX Association, 105-117, 2012 [PDF UCSD only]

Patents

1. “Thick Deposited Cobalt Platinum Magnetic Film and Method of Fabrication Thereof”, C.F. Brucker and F.E. Spada, U. S. Patent No. 4,902,583 (February 20, 1990).
2. “Long Life Magnetoresistive Head of the Non-Shunt Bias Type”, F.E. Spada, U.S. Patent No. 4,931,892 (June 5, 1990).

Thesis

Lab Assistant: Joanne Shin